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N°- 14. 



A SERMON; 



BEING ONE OF A 



SERIES OF SERMONS 



ON THE 



XXXIII. CHAPTER OF DEUTERONOMY. 



y 

BY WM. PARKINSON, A.M. 



Pastor of the First Baptist Church, New-York. 



In regard to variations from the common orthog- 
raphy, the reader is refered to the NOTICE on this 
subject, prefixed to Ser. I. 



THE BLESSING OF JOSEPH* 



JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. 

Deut. xxxiii. 13 — 17. And of Joseph he said, Blessed of the 
Lord be his land, for the precious things of heaven, for the dew, 
and for the deep that coucheth beneath. And for the precious 
fruits brought forth by the sun, and for the precious things put 
forth by the moon. And for the chief things of the ancient 
mountains, and for the precious things of the lasting hills. And 
for the precious things of the earth and fullness thereof ; and 
for the good-will of him that dioelt in the bush ; let the blessing 
come upon the head of Joseph, and upon the top of the head of 
him that was separated from his brethren. His glory is like 
the firstling of his bullock, and his horns are like the horns of 
unicorns ; with them he shall push the people together to the 
ends of the earth : and they are the ten thousands of Ephraim, 
and they art the thousands of Manasseh. 




" Prophecy," saith an apostle, " came not in old 
time by the will of man ;* but holy men of God," of 
whom Moses was one, " spake as they were moved 
by the Holy Ghost. " a Prophecy, therefore, was 
God's declaring the end from the beginning, and 
from ancient times the things that are not yet done, 
saying, My counsel shall stand, and I tcill do all 
my pleasure* Hence the evident agreement be- 
tween the predictions of Scripture and the history 
both of the church and of the world. 

But, waiving this general view of the subject, let 

* See Ser. 1. Note on p. 37. a 2 Pet. i, 21. b Is. xlvi. 10, 

58 



434 JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. [SEK. XIV. 

tis notice the truth of the remark in relation to the 
case immediately before us. Canaan, as I have 
heretofore reminded you, was divided among the 
tribes of Israel by lot; the result of which could be 
nothing less^ than the developement of the divine 
purpose in relation thereto ; for the whole disposing 
of the lot is of the Lord. c 

By this division the portion of Benjamin lay be- 
tween the portion of Judah and that of Joseph. 
See Josh, xviii. 11. The portion of Joseph, there- 
fore, as a matter of course, lay next to that of 
Benjamin; both commencing at Jordan, and the 
southern part of the former joining the northern 
part of the latter near Jericho, which belonged to 
Benjamin. See Josh. xvi. 1. and xviii. 12. Ac- 
cordingly, the Holy Spirit, who searcheth all things, 
yea, the deep things of God, moved Moses, as 
appears from our text, to assign the same relative 
situation to this tribe, by prophecy ', which God would 
assign to it by lot. 

In blessing Joseph, as in blessing Levi, Moses is 
unusually diffuse : his heart being filled to over- 
flowing, his lips, which he had complained were 
uncircumcised, became eloquent to admiration. And 
of Joseph he said, Blessed of the Lord be his land, 
for the precious things of heaven, for the dew, and 
for the deep that coucheth beneath. And for the 
precious fruits brought forth by the sun, and jor 
the precious things put forth by the moon ; fyc. S^c. 

In three subsequent discourses, I design, as the 
Lord may give ability, to explain this blessing, both 
literally and spiritually, according to the terms in 
which it is expressed. At present, my sole object 

c Prov xvi, 33. 



SER. XIV.] JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. 435 

is to show that Joseph was a type of Christ. This, 
I am aware, some have doubted, because, say they, 
Christ is no where in the New Testament, likened 
to Joseph, as he is to Judah, to Benjamin, and to 
some others among the patriarchs. But, if this 
omission proves any thing, it is that the resemblance 
of Joseph to Christ, is so strongly marked in his 
history, as not to require any such clew to the dis- 
covery of the fact. 

His very name suggests it : Joseph is from a&' 
yasaph to add, to increase Sfc; which can hardly 
fail of leading our thoughts to Him who, in his hu- 
man nature, increased in wisdom and stature, and 
in favor with God and man d — of whom, as to his 
fame and followers, the Baptist said, He must in- 
crease* — -and of the increase of whose government 
and peace, as Mediator, not only the prophet Isaiah 
but the angel Gabriel also, affirms There shall be no 
end/ 

Who, among those who have received an unction 
from the Holy One, can read the history of Joseph, 
and especially the numerous evidences therein re- 
corded of the special interest which he had in his 
father's love/ without being reminded of Christ ; 
concerning whom his heavenly Father once and 
again proclaimed from "the excellent glory, This 
is my beloved Son, in whom lam well pleased 7" h 

Was Joseph, according to Gen. xxxix. 6, a goodly 
person, and well favored 1 and did he, according to 
Gen. xxxvii. 2, excel all his brethren in filial love and 
moral virtue? Let us remember, that in all this, he 
was but a shadow of Him who is the chiefest among 

d Luke ii. 52. e John iii# 30# f i s ix< 7< and Ll ,ke i. 32, 33. 
e Gen. xxxvii. 3. ^ ^ dtL iii% i7> Mark ix< 7m 



436 JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. [sER. XIV. 

ten thousand, yea, altogether lovely} Christ, con- 
sidered only as a man, had no moral blemish ; in 
nature, he was holy and undefiled, and in life, he 
did no sin, neither was guile found in his mouths 
Well, therefore, might the Psalmist, addressing him, 
say, Thou art fairer than the children of men, of 
whom all have sinned; 1 — yea, he is fairer than any of 
those upon earth whom he deigns to call his breth- 
ren;™ for, If we say we have no sin, we deceive our- 
selves, and the truth is not in us.* 

Joseph being richly endued with the Spirit of wis- 
dom and revelation, Pharaoh, whose supernatural 
dreams he interpreted, called him Taphnath-Paan- 
eah,* that is, One to whom hidden things are re- 
vealed, or A revealer of secrets, an expounder of 

* Cant. v. 10. 16. k Heb. vii. 26. 1 Pet! ii. 22. l Psal. xlv. 2. 
Rom. iii. 23. ra Heb. ii. 11. » 1 John i. 8. 

* nJj?3 r03¥ Tsapenath-pangneach ; which some consider a 
mere title of honour and authority, conferred on Joseph, by 
Pharaoh ; but Moses calls it a name. See Gen. xli. 45. Whether 
the words of which this name is compounded are Hebrew or Coptic, 
is uncertain. 

If Hebrew, rosy, from j2¥ tsephan, to hide or conceal may 
mean things or persons that are hidden or secret. See Psal. xvii. 
14. and Ixxxiii. 4. And n^3 from y£T yaphang, to shine, to irradiate 
or enlighten, (J oh. iii. 4.) and rn noach, rest or comfort, (an abbrevia- 
tion of am necham, to comfort by giving rest and tranquility,) 
may signify To illuminate with comfort. See Gen. v. 29. Is. lix. 
13. inter al. Hence the name in question, compounded of the 
two words thus derived and defined, may import One who gives 
comfort, quietness and satisfaction, by revealing and explaining 
things hidden and mysterious. To the same purport this name 
has been interpreted by many. The Targums of Jonathan and 
Onkelos define it so nearly alike, that the definition of the one 
implies that of the other: according to Jonathan, it means A re- 
vealer of secrets, and according to Onkelos, One to whom hid- 
den things are revealed ; without which he could not be a revealer 



SER. XIV.] JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. 437 

mysteries. Herein Joseph was obviously a type of 
Christ; in whom (till revealed by him) are hid all 
the treasures of icisdom and knowledge, and who, 
as such, was counted worthy to take the hook, the 
roll of the divine decrees, &ind to open the seals 
thereof. Rev. v. 9. 

Joseph, though'innocent, was accused of very base 
conduct, and suffered many hard things. Distin- 
guished by tokens of his father's love, his brethren 
envied and hated him and could not speak peaceably 
unto him.' 9 When he visited them in the wilderness, 
though sent by his father and on an errand of kind- 
ness, they reviled him, at his approach, and conspired 
to slay him, on his arrival;" 1 and though prevailed 
on by Reuben, not to execute the bloody design ; yet, 
at the instance of Judah, they sold him to a caravan 
of Arabs, chiefly Midianites and Ishmaelites who, 
by divine providence, were at that juncture passing 
by on their way to Egypt, whither they took him and 
" sold him to Potapher, an officer of Pharaoh's, and 

of them. Levi renders the words A revealer of hidden things. 
Linga Sacra under nj)?3. Jerom, indeed, renders it The Saviour 
of the world; though without etymon or reason. 

But, as the name under consideration was given by Pharaoh, 
there is much reason to believe, that he gave it in his own lan- 
guage, the Coptic or Egyptian. Of this opinion was that great 
linguist, Atha. Kircher ; who asserts that the name is Egyptian 
and signifies a Prophet or Foreteller of events. See Prodromus 
Cap. v. p. 124 &c. If so, there must, in some respects, be 
a remarkable affinity between the Hebrew and the Coptic 
languages ; which, nevertheless, cannot be general, at least not 
universal ; for while Joseph, to conceal himself from his he- 
brew brethren, used the Egyptian tongue, he spake unto them 
by an interpreter, Gen. xlii. 23. Some have thought that Pharaoh 
gave this name to Joseph out of respect for Baal-Zephon^one of the 
Egyptian idols. Exo. xiv. 2. Comp. Dan. i. 7. and v. 12. 

Col. ii. 3. PGen. xxxvii. 4. 11. ^Ibid. ver. 12—20. 



438 JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. [SER. XIV. 

captain of the guard. "* And who that reads the 
New Testament, does not know that when Christ, 
commissioned by his heavenly Father, visited his 
wretched family in the wilderness of this world, he 
was treated in like manner ? The Jews, though " after 
the flesh" they were his own brethren, reviled and 
rejected him: he was that Holy One ichom his 
nation abhorred; 8 and whom, at his manifesta- 
tion on earth, they treated accordingly: He came 
unto his own, and his own received him not;* 
nor did they merely reject him and his dominion, 
saying, We will not have this man to reign over us; u 
but, abhorring him, they conspired also to take away 
his life : This is the heir, said they, Come let us kill 
him.™ And though it was so ordered in Providence, 
that the power of doing this directly, had previously 
been taken from them, x they, nevertheless, accom- 
plished it indirectly; for, having pronounced him 
worthy of death, theydelivered him into the hands of 
the Romans, who, being gentiles, were in a nation- 
al sense, as much strangers to him as the Arabians 
were to Joseph ; and who by their accusations of him 
at a heathen tribunal, procured his condemnation 
and crucifixion. 

To effect their murderous design, "the chief 
priests, and elders, and all the council," the assem- 
bled Sanhedrim, "sought false witness against 
Jesus, to put him to death." What a council! It 
consisted of men, who (with the exception of Joseph 
of Aramaihea^) were all filled with jealousy and 

r Gen. xxxvii. 36. s Is. xlix. 7. x John i. 11. u Luke xix. 14. 
w Matt. xxi. 38. x John xviii. 31. Comp. Chap. xix. 15. 

*Nicodemus probably was not present, or he would have ob- 
jected also. See Luke xxiii. 50—52. and John xix. 38, 39. 



SER. XIV. J JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. 439 

rancor against the person they were to try, and, tin- 
der the influence of these demoniac principles, had 
prejudged his cause;* nay, men who, under the 
sanctimonious mask of religion, could not only 
tolerate but even seek after false witness, and receive 
it with greediness. Such witness they sought ; " but," 
for a time, " found none; yea, though many false 
witnesses came, yet found they none ;" either the 
charges brought were so evidently void of truth, or 
the witnesses who brought them were so despicable 
and so discordant, that the Sanhedrim durst not 
risk their own reputation so far as to pass sentence 
of condemation on the accused, while they were 
sustained by no better testimony. "At the last," 
however, "came two false witnesses" — two that 
were agreed — " And said, This fellow said, I am 
able to destroy the temple of God, and to build it 
in three days." Well, said Christ, speaking in Da- 
vid, They wrest my tcords. Psal. Ivi. 5. His words 
to which they referred, are Destroy this temple and 
in three days I will raise it up ; which he spake, not 
of their famous temple at Jerusalem, but of the tem- 
ple of his body, John ii. 19. 21. "And the high- 
priest," elated at receiving the testimony of the two 
false witnesses against Jesus, " arose and said unto 
him, Answerest thou nothing 1 what is it which these 
witness against thee? But Jesus held his peace ;" 
leaving them to work their own ruin, and to fulfil 
the counsel of God in the salvation of his people. 
See Matt. xxvi. 59—63. and Acts ii. 23. 

* This is evident from the history of their conduct ; though 
some of them perhaps, forbore to express any private opinion on 
the case, that they might seem to be the more impartial and can- 
did in their official judgment. 



440 JOSKPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. SER. XIV* 

The high-priest, not satisfied with the silence of 
the innocent prisoner, whom he and the council 
were resolved to condemn, presumptuously laid 
him under the solemnity of an oath; saying, "I 
adjure thee by the living God, that thou tell us, 
whether thou be the Christ, the Son of God ;" that 
is the true Messiah.* In reply, " Jesus saith unto him, 
Thou hast said :f nevertheless t say unto you, Here- 
after shall ye see the Son of man sitting on the right 
hand of power, and coming in the clouds of heaven." 
Mark the effect which this solemn declaration had 
upon the high-priest! Did it satisfy him and make 
him cease from his efforts to criminate Christ 1 Not 
in the least. Nor was that his object in demanding 
it ; but, on the contrary, that he might accuse him 
of blasphemy for declaring that he was the Son of 
God, and, implicitly, with perjury also ; the declara- 
tion being made under oath. "Then the high-priest 
rent his clothes," saying, of him who is the Holy 
One and Truth itself, " He hath spoken blasphemy; 
what further need have we of witnesses 1 behold, 

* Hence it appears that the Jews of that degenerate age, hav- 
ing lost the true idea of the Messiah, which their patriarchs had 
entertained, regarded him just as Socinians do now, that is, they 
admitted that he he was the Son of God— jet, not by nature but 
merely by office. 

f Which, in Jewish style, was equivalent to a concession, nay, 
to an affirmation, that what the speaker replied to, had said, was 
true ; wherefore the above reply of Jesus to the high-priest, was 
the same, in meaning, as if he had directly answered, / am, as it 
is expressed in Mark xiv. 62. From among the many instances, 
which Jewish writings furnish of this form of expression, take 
one from the Jerusalem Talmud, Rilaim, fol. 32. 2: Some having 
said to one, " Is Rabbi dead? He replied to them-pnnDK pn« 
ye have said; and they rent their clothes;" knowing from the 
answer received, that the Rabbi was dead. 




SEE* XIV.] JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. 441 

now ye have heard his blasphemy. What think 
ye?" said he to the Council; and "They," (pro- 
bably all present except Joseph) " answered and said 
He is guilty of death. Then did they," either some 
of the counsellors themselves, or some of the keep- 
ers, under their sanction, " spit in his face, and buf- 
fetted him ; and others smote him with the palms 
of their hands, saying, Prophecy unto us thou Christ* 
Who is he that smote thee?" for they had covered 
his face, or blindfolded him, as the other evangelists 
say. See Matt. xxvi. 63—68. and Luke xxii. 63-— 
65. This having occurred at nig^t, "When the 
morning was come, all the chief-priests and elders 
of the people took counsel against Jesus to put him 
to death. And," not having a civil or legal author- 
ity to do it themselves, " when they had bound him 
they led him away, and delivered him to Pontius 
Pilate the governor." 

Thus "of a truth," O God, "against thy holy 
child JESUS, whom thou hast anointed, both He- 
rod and Pontius Pilate, with the gentiles ; and the 
people of Israel, were gathered together, for to do 
whatsoever thy hand and thy counsel determined 
before to be done." y Astonishing event ! — an event, 
in which the sovereignty of heaven and the malig- 
nity of hell, were equally displayed— an event, in 
which the kindest design of God was accomplished 
by the wickedest combination of men — a combina- 
tion of men, both rulers and people, who though 
they had long been inveterate enemies to each other, 
on that occasion, became friends ; 2 and, hence, coad- 
jutors in fulfilling that divine decree, of which, they 

yActs iv. 27, 28. z Luke xxiii. 12. Is. Ixv. 5. Acts x. 28. 

59 



442 JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. [SER. XIV, 

were totally ignorant,* and in the execution of which 
they were prompted by the worst of motives :— Yes, 
the innocent Jesus, " being delivered by the deter- 
minate counsel and foreknowledge of God," was 
taken by Jews and Romans, and by their wicked 
hands was crucified aud slain? And (more aston- 
ishing still !) though Jews and gentiles were combined 
in crucifying the Lord of Glory; yet millions of 
them were redeemed and shall be saved, by Him 
they crucified : for thou, blessed Jesus, wast slain, 
and hast redeemed us to God by thy blood, out of 
every kindred, and tongue, and people, and nation. 
Rev. v. 9. 

It is worthy of remark, that, as among Joseph's 
brethren, therp was one, namely Reuben, who sought 
to rescue him ; c so in the Sanhedrim, the council of 
Christ's national brethren, there was one, to wit, the 
Aramathean counsellor, who had not consented to 
the counsel and deed of them against him. d More- 
over, as Reuben, who favored Joseph, was Jacob's 
first-born, e and whose name signifies See the Son ;* 
so all the favor shown to Christ or his cause among 
men, is shown by the saints, who are manifestly 
God's first-born/ and who, being called out of dark- 
ness into light, See the Son and believe on him. g 

Nor is it any less worthy of remark, that the sale 
of Joseph, for ttventy pieces of silver, was at the 
importunity of Judah, h whose name, turned into 

Greek, is Judas, the very name of the traitor, who 

/ 

a lCor. ii. 8. b Acts ii. 23. c Gen. xxxvii. 21,22. xlii. 22. 
d Luke xxiii. 51. e Gen. xlix. 3. 
* Explained, Ser. VII. p. 225. 
f Heb. xii. 23. s John vi. 40. b Gen. xxxvii. 26—28. 



SER. XIV.] JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. 443 

sold Christ for thirty pieces of the same metal ^ 
which not only corresponded to the type in Joseph, 
but fulfilled also a notable prophecy.* 

To procede. As Joseph was a type of Christ in his 
sufferings, so also in his subsequent promotion. For, 
as Joseph, after patiently enduring affliction and 
degradation, even to imprisonment in a dungeon, 
was providentially delivered, and honorably distin- 
guished — nay, advanced next to the king and made 
lord of all the land of Egypt ;f so Christ having, as 
Mediator, finished his sufferings on the tree of the 
cross, and his humiliation in the dungeon of the grave, 
was raised with poioer — discharged with honor — 

1 Matt. xxvi. 14, 15. 

* Comp. Matt, xxvii. 9, 10. with Zech. xi. 12, 13. The Evan- 
gelist, indeed, refers to Jeremy ; yet was readily understood in his 
day ; nor will any learned Jew object to the citation on this account; 
ibr he must well know that the reference is agreeable to their own 
most ancient division of the Hebrew Scriptures into three parts; — 
1. The Law, containing the five books of Moses : — 2. The Pro- 
phets, containing the former and the latter prophets : the former 
beginning with Joshua, and the latter with Jeremy: And — 3. The 
Hagiography, or Holy Writings, beginning with the Psalms, and 
including with them, the Proverbs, Ecclesia'stes, Canticles, Job, 
Ruth, Hester, Sfc. Hence, in citing from any of the books of 
Moses, they referred to the Law — in citing from any of the former 
prophets they referred to Joshua — in citing from any of the latter 
prophets, they referred to Jeremy, as our Evangelist did when cit- 
ing from Zechariah ; and in citing irom any of the other books, 
they referred, either to the Hagiography, or to the Psalms, the first 
book thereof. This ancient division Christ himself observed, say- 
ing, all things must be fulfilled which were written in the Law of 
Moszs, and in the 'prophets, and in the Psalms, concerning me. 
Luke xxiv. 44. See the Bab. Tal. in Bava Bathra, fol. 14. facie 2. 

f Gen. xli. 41 — 44. Joseph was thirty years old when he stood 
before Pharaoh; Gen. xli. 46; the very age at which Christ en- 
tered upon his public ministry; Luke iii. 23. How long Joseph 
was a prisoner before he interpreted the dreams of Pharaoh's but- 
ler and baker, we know not ; but it is evident he remained such 



444 JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. [SER. XIV. 

exalted to glory — and invested with universal domi- 
nion. 14 And as, by the authority of Pharaoh, appointed 
heralds cried before Joseph, Bow ye the knee; 1 so, 
by the authority of God the Father, proclamation is 
made in the Holy Scriptures and by gospel-heralds, 
That at the Name of Jesus every knee should bow, 
of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things 
under the earth. Philip, ii. 10. Which, however, 
is not to be understood of a mere literal genuflection, 
or bending of knees, common among the papists, at 
hearing that sacred name pronounced ; nor, by any 
means, as implying that, eventually, there will be a 
universal submission of intelligent creatures to the 
gracious scepter of Christ, as a Saviour; but of that 
universal subjection to his authority and decisions, 
which shall be rendered to him, as a Judge, in that 
day when all must appear before his judgment-seat. 
See Rom. xiv. 10 — 12. 

In token of Joseph's high promotion, Pharaoh 
himself directed to him, every applicant for either 
counsel or provision : Go, said he, unto Joseph; what 
he saith to you do. m So, to every sensible sinner — 
to every anxious inquirer, and to every distressed 
believer, God, in his word and by his ministering 
servants, is, in effect, saying, Go to Jesus; " This is 
my beloved Son ; hear him"* — To him is given the 

two full years afterward. Gen. xli. 1. It is strange that in the 
history of his release and subsequent life, no notice is taken of how 
he came to be imprisoned. If (as commonly believed) the wicked 
woman, under whose false accusation he suffered, had in the mean 
time deceased, it is fearfully probable that, to maintain her credit, 
she died impenitently persisting in the iniquitous charge. If so, 
she was more hardened than Judas. Matt, xxvii. 3, 4. O that 
God would bring such accusers to repentance ! 

k Rom. i. 4. Acts ii. 24. 33. v. 31. Matt, xxviii. 18. John xvii. 2. 
1 Gen. xli. 43. m Ibid. ver. 55. n Mark ix. 7. 



SER. XIV.] JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. 445 

tongue of the learned, that he should know how to 
speak a icord in season to him that is iceary — It 
pleased the Father that in him should all fulness dtcelft 
— Wherefore, he is able also to save them to the utter- 
most that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth 
to make intercession for them q — Believe, then, in the 
Lord Jesus Christ, O trembling sinner, and thou 
shall be saved. T , 

Nor was Joseph, however highly promoted, for- 
getful of his brethren, ungrateful and cruel as they 
had been to him, nor inattentive to their distressing 
wants. 

Preparatory, indeed, to making himself known to 
them, he seemed to treat them as strangers, and 
with awful reserve and appalling austerity ; neverthe- 
less, he acted from the kindest motive, and with the 
tenderest compassion ; he turned himself about from 
them and wept; 5 and though he gave them much 
trouble of mind by returning their money, and es- 
pecially by causing them to be charged with the theft 
of his cup, yet each was done because he would show 
them unexpected favor — the former, because he would 
supply them gratis, and the latter, because he would 
bring them back, that he, who knew them while they 
knew not him, might reveal himself to them, and 
introduce them to acceptance with the royal majesty.' 
How similar the knowledge and the conduct of our 
divine Joseph, in reference to his chosen but guilty 
and impoverished brethren! He who knoweth all 
things^ perfectly knows them and their forlorn estate, 
while they are yet ignorant of him and of their secret 

°Is. 1. 4. p Col. i. 19. qHeb. vii. 25. r Acts. xvi. 31. s Gen. 
xlii.24. * Ibid. Ver. 7, 8. 26, 27, 28. Chap. xliv. 1—17. xlv. 16 &c. 
a John xxi. 17. 



446 JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. [SER. XIV. 

relation to him. w Nor is he, though exalted and en- 
throned in heaven, forgetful of them or of their ne- 
cessities, degraded, depraved and guilty as they are 
become, by their fall in Adam and by their own actual 
transgressions.* Indeed, they are so proud and self- 
sufficient, that they never would come to him, were 
they not caused, by divine grace, as Joseph's brethren 
were, by divine providence, to experience a famine 
in their own land — a famine in their souls — a sense 
of want, which all the stores of nature cannot supply 
— a hungering and thirsting after righteousness, 
under which all their former gratifications become 
husks and not bread; as illustrated in the parable of 
the returning prodigal. 7 And even when thus made 
to feel their wants, they come to Christ, at first, as 
Joseph's brethren came to him — not to beg but to 
buy ; that is, vainly hoping to obtain from him what 
they need, in consideration of the penitent hearts, the 
good desires, the reformed lives, and the sincere pro- 
mises, with which they come. So coming, however, 
they receive no more regard from Christ than Naa- 
man the leper received from Elisha the Seer, when, 
taking with him, "ten talents of silver, six thousand 
pieces of gold, and ten changes of raiment," he 
appeared, in his chariot, before the prophet's door. 
See 2 Kings, chapter v. While they apply to Christ 
under these legal views, he treats them as Joseph 
did his brethren; instead of comforting them, he 
speaks roughly to them, and proves them with search- 
ing questions — nay, puts them in prison, and keeps 
them, for a time, in ward, under the bondage and 
menaces of the law. 2 Yet his design in all is kind 

w Prov. viii. 31. John xvii. 9, 10. 20. 24 x Rom. v. 12, 18. 
Eph. ii. 1—6. y Luke xv. 1 1 &c. z Gen. xlii.7— 30. Matt.xv. 22—27. 



SER. XIV.] JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. 447 

and gracious — it is, that through the law, they may 
become dead to the laio, and in the end, enjoy a 
good hope through grace** 

Moreover, as Joseph's brethren, when they stop- 
ped at an irin to take refreshment, were suddenly 
thrown into a consternation, at finding their money re- 
turned in their sacks ; so awakened sinners, being yet 
under the influence of a legal spirit, when they enter a 
place of public worship, where the oracles of God are 
faithfully explained, instead of being refreshed and 
comforted, are unexpectedly overwhelmed in disap- 
pointment and trouble ; — -the sacks of their depraved 
hearts being laid open before the light of divine 
truth, they find all their self-dependent pleas rejected 
and all their self-flattering expectations blasted ; 
their hearts, like those of Joseph's brethren, fail 
them, and they are afraid God is about to destroy 
them; yea, finding that neither their reformation of 
life, nor their tender feelings, nor their good inten- 
tions, nor all combined, can be admitted as a condi- 
tion of their acceptance, they are ready to exclaim, 
Who then can be saved ? h Perhaps, indeed, on a 
little reflection, or by means of some false instruc- 
tion, they conclude their disappointment has arisen, 
not because the grounds of their reliance were wrong 
in kind, but because they were defective in extent 
and sincerity ; and hence, as Joseph's brethren "took 
a present and double money," they resolve that, 
with a present of thanks for past mercy, they will 
double their diligence and faithfulness in repenting 
and doing. Still, however, coming with opened eyes 

a Matt. xv. 28. Gal. ii. 19. 2 Thess. ii. 16. b Gen. xlii. 27, 
28. Matt. xix. 25. c Gen. xliii. 15. Exo. v. 17. Matt. xix. 20. 
Mark x. 21. Luke xviii. 22. 



448 JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. [sER. XiV* 

to the Bible, and, with opened ears under a search- 
ing ministry, they find all they can do or suffer, while 
conceived of as a price for what they need, is divinely 
condemned and rejected as filthy rags* They are 
told that salvation is not of works, lest any man 
should boast* — that it is not of him that willeth, nor 
of him that runneth 1 — in short, that it is to be had, 
if at all, without money and without priced Nay 
more ; Christ, like Joseph, charges his brethren with 
the guilt of his cup, the cup of all his sufferings 11 — 
they shall look upon me whom they have pierced, 
saith he; and, looking upon him, they shall mourn 
for him, as one mourneth for his only son, and shall 
be in bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for 
his first-born. Nevertheless, eventually, like Joseph 
also, he makes himself known to his brethren, in his 
mediatorial and fraternal relations to them; in doing 
which, he shows them, that by the very cup where- 
with he charges them, he has redeemed them from 
under the curse ; and, giving them the cup of salva- 
tion^ he causes them to know, that more, infinitely 
more than they had vainly expected to purchase, 
He, as their Friend and Brother, freely bestows 
upon them; the Father having in him blessed us 
with all spiritual blessings .... according as he hath 
chosen us in him before the foundation of the 
world, that (when renewed by his grace) we should 
be holy and without blame before him in love.* 

The coming, however, of Joseph's relations to him, 
and their becoming dependant upon him, require a 
more distinct consideration. 



d Is. lxiv. 6. e Epb. ii. 9. f Rom. ix. 16. e Is. lv. 1. h Matt. 
xxvi. 39. 42. l Zech. xii. 10. k Psai. cxvi. 13. ^ph. i. 3, 4. 



SER. XIV.] JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. 449 

First, His prophetic dreams concerning them 
were herein fulfilled: " The sons of Israel," (in 
that instance ten of them only, m ) "came to buy corn 
among those that came : for the famine was in the 
land of Canaan," as well as mother lands, "And 
Joseph was the governor of the land, and he it was 
that sold to all the people of the land : and Joseph's 
brethren came, and bowed down themselves before 
him with their faces to the earth .... And Joseph 
knew his brethren, but they knew not him. And 
Joseph remembered the dreams which he dreamed 
of them;" the first of which, the obeisance which 
their sheaves made to his sheaf, being herein evidently 
fulfilled. See Gen. xlii. 5 — 9, compared with Chap, 
xxxvii. 5 — 7. Hereby, too, he was reminded of his 
other dream, in which " the sun, and the moon, and 
the eleven stars, made obeisance to him;" an emblem 
of that civil reverence, which, at a future time, his 
father, and his mother, and all his eleven brethren, 
should render unto him. So Jacob himself under- 
stood the dream ; and prudently, to prevent pride 
in young Joseph, and to moderate the resentment 
of his elder brethren, gently rebuked him for telling 
it. See Gen. xxxvii. 9, 10. 

In regard to the sun, Joseph's father, this dream 
was fulfilled in the profound respect which Jacob 
showed to the lord of Egypt, by the presents which 
he sent him, while yet he had no thought that the 
distinguished person whom he thus honored was 
.his own son, and especially by his subsequent 
recumbence upon him, in the official station to 
which Joseph was promoted. 11 With regard to 

m Gen. xlii. 3, 4. n Gen. xliii. 11.— 14. xlvii. 6. 

60 



450 JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. [SER. XIV* 

the moon, however, there is an obvious difficulty; 
for Joseph's mother, thereby symbolized, was al- 
ready dead ; Rachel having died at the birth of 
Benjamin, on the way from Bethel to Ephrath* 
Wherefore, it must be understood either of Leah, 
Jacob's surviving wife and Joseph's step-mother, or 
of Bilhah, Rachel's hand-maid, who, after the death 
of her mistress, was as a mother to Joseph ; as 
appears by his being with her sons. p And, admitting 
that Jacob, at the time to which the dream referred, 
had no wife; (and which is highly probable;) the 
mother of Joseph, nevertheless, whether understood 
of Rachael, of Leah, or of Bilhah, "bowed down 
to him," in her posterity.^ And whereas, at the 
second time Joseph's brethren came to him, Benja- 
min, his younger brother, was among them, making 
the number eleven, the dream, in relation to them, 
was verified when they all, answering to the eleven 
stars, "bowed down and made obeisance to him.'' r 

Secondly, The coming of the Jews to Christ 
was herein specially typified; "they being, after the 
flesh," his relations, s 

Did Joseph's relations, in their coming to him, 
fulfil his prophetic dreams respecting them 1 Let 
it be remembered, that the events of prophecy, 
though uttered by the prophets, were only such as 
the Spirit of Christ which was in them did signify .* 
and therefore, that the coming of the Jews to Christ, 
in the early times of the gospel, was, and that their 
coming to him, in the latter day, will be, according to 
his predictions concerning them.« 

°Gen. xxxv. 16 — 19. Plbid. xxxvii.2. ^Ibid. xlvi. 15. — 25, 
*Ibid. xliii.26— 28 s Rom. ix. 5. Heb. vii. 14. *1 Pet. i. 11. 
"Joel ii. 28, 29 and Acts ii. 16—18. Jer. xxx. 9. Ezek. xxxiv, 
$3. xxxvi. 24, 25. Hosea in, 5. 



SER. XIV.] JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. 451 

Joseph's brethren, after they had sold him to 
strangers, were, it would seem, wholly unconcerned 
about what they had done, for a long time, at least 
twenty years.* How much longer, alas! have the 
Jews, the national brethren of Christ, remained im- 
penitent, under the guilt of their infinitely more 
cruel treatment of Him! The generation of them 
among whom he tabernacled in human nature, sold 
him and procured his crucifixion — even when Pilate 
would have released him, they, still relentless, cried 
Crucify him, crucify him ; yet their posterity, dur- 
ing a lapse of about eighteen hundred years, have 
never lamented, but constantly commended, their 
horrid deeds. Nor can we say how much longer 
their judicial stupidity will remain. We are certain j 
however, that the time will come, when Christ will 
pour upon them, the Spirit of grace and of supplica- 
tions, and that Then they shall look upon him tchom 
they have pierced and mourn ; w for, on their becoming 
convinced that he is the true Messiah, they will 
deeply bewail their long contempt and obstinate 
rejection of him, saying, We hid as it were our 
faces from him ; he was despised and we esteemed him 
not. Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our 

* Joseph was 17 years old when he was sold into Egypt ; Gen. 
xxxvii. 2 ; and 30 years old when promoted in the court of Pha- 
raoh ; Chap. xli. 46; consequently he had been 13 years in bon- 
dage; the seven years of plenty, added to these, make 20 : and 
probably one or two of the seven years of scarcity, had also elapsed 
before the famine became so great in Canaan as to compel the 
sons of Jacob to go to Egypt for corn. All this time they re- 
mained insensible of their cruelty to Joseph. By allusion to this* 
it was said of their sensual and inconsiderate posterity, in after 
times, " They are not grieved for the affliction oj Joseph.^ 
Amos vi. 6. 

w Zech. xii. 10, 



452 JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. [SER. XIV, 

sorrows; yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of 
God and afflicted^ as an impostor. But (How 
affecting to them will be the discovery!) he was 
wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for 
our iniquities; the chastisement of our peace tvas 
upon him; and with his stirpes we are healed. 
Is. liii. 3—5. 

Joseph's brethren, the ten at first and afterwards 
the eleven, came to him, excited thereto by their 
father Jacob, who believed the report that there was 
plenty with the lord of Egypt. w Did not this typ- 
ically signify that the Jews, the national brethren of 
Christ, would come to him, moved by the conviction 
of his being the Messiah of whom their prophets 
spake and wrote, and in whom Jacob and the rest 
of their patriarchs believed and trusted 1 Thus it 
was in the first times of the Gospel : the apostles 
and other Jews, then called, believed in Christ, as 
He of whom Moses and the prophets wrote, x and 
according to the faith of their patriarchal ancestors,* 
And the same will be verified again, at the calling 
of the Jews in the latter day; for, on perceiving 
that Jesus of Nazareth, whom the apostles and 
other converted Jews embraced, is indeed the Christ, 
in whom Abraham, Isaac and Jacob trusted, they 
also, being made partakers of like precious faith, 
and encouraged by patriarchal and apostolic example, 
will look to him and trust in him. Then Jacob, in 
his elect posterity, shall return and shall be in rest, 
and be quiet, and none shall make him afraid J To 
the Jews, thus brought to repentance, the times of 

*Geii. xlii. 1, 2. xliii. 1, 2. x John i. 41. 45. * See Acts 
v, 29—32. xxvi, 6. 22, 23. xxviii. 23, 24. y Jer. xxx. 9. 



SER. XIV.J JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. 453 

refreshing shall come from the presence of the Lord.* 
And so all Israel, meaning all the Jews, or the 
greater part of them, who will then be upon earth, 
shall be saved, &c. Rom. xi. 26, 27. Jer. xxxi. 34. 

Joseph's brethren, in both instances, came to him 
in consequence of famine ; a and so the Jews, the 
national brethren of Christ, came to him at their 
former calling, and will come to him, at their latter 
calling, under a famine of the word : Behold the 
days come saith the Lord God, that I will send a 
famine in the land, the land of Judea, not a famine 
of bread, nor a thirst for icater, but of hearing the 
words of the Lord, &c. Amos viii. 11, 12. For, 
whatever application this prophecy may have to 
certain times and sections of the christian church, it 
primarily respects the Jews. During the latter part 
of the old dispensation, prophecy ceased among 
them; for, from the times of Malachi, to those of 
John the Baptist, a course of about 400 years, they 
had no vision ; b and the writings of Moses and the 
prophets, though preserved among them, were almost 
explained away by the traditions of their elders, 
especially in what related to the Messiah. Hence, 
there was a famine of the word throughout their 
land; for, to them, as lost — to the regenerate among 
them, as hungry, what were the law and the prophets, 
when so interpreted, that the divine Messiah, the 
Saviour of lost sinners and the Bread of Life, was 
excluded from them? And though by the light of 
the gospel, which began to shine in the ministry of 
John, many of the Jews perceived and embraced 

z Acts iii. 19. a Gen. xlii. 5. xliii. 1,2. b Micah iii. 6 7 7. 
Mai. iv. 5. Matt. xi. 13, 14. 



454 JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. [SER. XIV* 

the Christ of God; yet, their nation generally re- 
jecting him, He, pursuant to his threatening, took 
the kingdom of heaven, the gospel-dispensation, 
from them, and gave it to another nation, meaning 
the gentiles ; c whereupon commenced that famine of 
gospel-preaching among the Jews, which will con- 
tinue till the time of their future calling; when, glad 
to receive the favor they have so long despised, they 
will again say, Blessed is he (a gospel-minister) that 
cometh in the name of the Lord. Matt, xxiii. 39. 

Moreover, as Joseph's brethren did not go to him, 
till after his stores had been opened to other nations ; d 
so the Jews, the national brethren of Christ, will 
not go to him, till his unsearchable riches shall have 
been opened in the gospel, to the nations of the 
world: blindness in part is happened to Israel, un- 
til the fulness of the gentiles be come in. Rom. xi. 25. 

Then, too, the prophetic dream of Joseph, in 
which he beheld the sun, the moon, and the eleven 
stars, making obeisance to him, will, to the apprehen- 
sion of the converted Jews, receive a mystical ful- 
filment in Christ ; for they will then see, that His 
most distinguished progenitors, Abraham, 6 Isaac/ 
Jacob,? and David h , answering to the sun — His mys- 
tical mother, 1 (the true Israel under the old dispensa- 
tion,) answering to the moon, and the eleven genu- 
ine apostles, k answering to the eleven stars, all 
believed in Him and bowed down to Him. Of the 
patriarchs and others who, under the Old/Testament, 
were spiritual Israelites, Paul affirms, These all 

c Matt. xxi. 43.. d Gen. xli. 56, 57. e Gen. xxii 18. Rom. iv. 3, 
fGen. xxvi. 4. Heb. xi. 20. eGen.xxviii. 10—17. Heb. xi. 21. 
i*2 Sam. xxiii. 1 — 5. Psal. xxxii. 1, 2. Rom iv. 6 — 8. * Cant. iii. 
11. Comp, Psal. liii. 6. and Heb. vii. 14. k Luke xxiv. 9. 52. 



SER. XIV.] JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. 455 

died in faith ; l and Peter representing all the believ- 
ing apostles, said to his Lord and Master, We believe 
and are sure (their faith, observe, rose to assurance) 
that thou art that Christ, that Christ of whom 
Moses and the prophets wrote, the Son of the living 
God. m 

"The sons of Israel," however, were not all, but 
only among those that came to Joseph to obtain 
corn. n "The famine" of bread, to which our sub- 
ject relates, "was over all the face of the earth: 
.... And all countries," that is, the inhabitants of 
them, "came into Egypt to Joseph for to buy corn ; 
because that the famine was sore in all lands. °* So 
the want of spiritual blessings is common to all na- 
tions ; nor are they to be had by Jew or gentile, from 

1 Heb. xi. 13. m John vi. 69. n Gen. xlii. 5. ° Ibid. xli. 56, 57. 

* Herein was illustrated an important fact in relation to our 
temporal life and its supplies. By a divine grant, man, in his 
primeval state, had a right "to eat freely of every tree of the gar- 
den" in which he was placed, excepting only of "the tree of 
knowledge of good and evil." Gen. ii. 9. iii 16, 17. Conse- 
quently, he had a right to eat, not only of those trees, whose 
fruit was intended for his ordinary food, but also, as occasion re- 
quired, of the fruit of "the tree of life in the midst of the garden ;" 
which tree, it should seem, was both an emblem of his paradis- 
iacal life, and the appointed means of rendering that life perpetual, 
had he abstained from the tree forbidden. 

By his transgression, however, man forfeited this grant. The 
earth itself, for his sin committed upon it, was subjected to a curse 
of comparative sterility; Gen. iii. 17 — 19; his future access to 
the tree of life, was interdicted and absolutely prevented ; Gen. 
iii. 22 — 24 ; and he and all his posterity, nay, the preservation of 
the execrated earth itself, became dependent on the Mediator, the 
Antitype of Joseph : " The earth," said Christ, " and all the in- 
habitants thereof," (with respect to the original constitution of 
things) " are dissolved : I bear up the pillars of it." Psal. lxxv. 
3. Hence as, during the famine, all were dependent on Joseph* 



456 JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. [SER. XIV. 

any stores but those of Christ, in whom it hath 
pleased the Father that all fulness should dwell . p 
And, as Joseph withheld supplies from none on ac- 
count their nation, so neither does Christ ;for, in this 
respect, there is no difference octiveen the Jew and 
the Greek, or gentile ; for the same Lord over all is 
rich unto all them that call upon him.* 

Nevertheless, the family of Jacob, as being all 
blessed in Joseph, was a figure of the whole family 
of God's elect, am«ong all nations, as being all blessed 
in Christ, the Antitype of Joseph. 1- Hence, by a 
manifest allusion to national Israel, the church is 
called a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, a 
holy nation, a peculiar people — nay, emphatically, 
the Israel of God. s Therefore, 

Thirdly, Joseph's relations, especially his breth- 
ren, in their coming to him and becoming dependent 
upon him, were typical of the mystical relations of 
Christ, as well among the gentiles as the Jews, in 
their coming to him, at their effectual calling, and in 
their subsequent reliance upon him and subjection 
to him. 

The natural relation of Joseph's brethren to him, 
recollect, did not commence at the time of their 
coming to him for corn ; they were his brethren be- 

and none had a right to expect corn from him, but on condition of 
paying for it; so, the earth being cursed for Adam's sin, and with- 
holding her spontaneous productions from his posterity, all are 
dependent, even for temporal supplies, on the favor of the Medi- 
ator, who has all power and all nature in his hands ; and none have 
a right to expect them, but on condition of enduring toil, and labor, 
and sorrow. Gen. hi. 17 — 19. 

pCoI. i. 19. 9 Rom. [xii. 10. r Gen. xxii. 18. Eph. i. 3, 4. 
• 1 Pet. ii 9.Gal vi. 16, 



SER. XIV.] JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. 457 

fore. So neither does the mystical relation of the 
elect to Christ, commence at the time of their calling, 
when they come to him for the Bread of Life ; for, 
as early as they were the children of God, they 
were the brethren of Christ, the Son of God: but 
they were the children of God by adoption and 
therefore, mystically the brethren of Christ, while 
yet scattered abroad— uncalled— nay, unredeemed. 
See John xi. 52. and Heb. ii. 13—17. 

Yet, as Christ was declared to be the Son of God, 
by the resurrection from the dead, 1 so the elect are 
made manifest as the adopted children of God, and 
therefore, as the mystical brethren of Christ, by 
their resurrection from a death in sin ; for, hereupon 
God sends forth the Spirit of his Son into their 
hearts, crying, Abba, Father ; u and Christ, (How 
amazing his condescension !) is not ashamed to call 
them brethren.™ 

Having thus particularly considered the coming 
of Joseph's brethren to him, I procede to consider 
his knowledge of them- — his conduct towards them 
— and his making himself known unto them. 

First, His knowledge of them. For, when they, 
pinched with famine, heard of his abundance, and 
came to him for supplies, he knew them, though they 
knew not him; x and so, when regenerate sinners, 
sensible of their spiritual wants, and hearing of 
Christ in the report of the gospel, apply to him for 
aid, though they know not him, in his covenant-rela- 
tion to them, he distinctly knows them, in their 
covenant-relation to him. He knows them, as being 
of that all whom the Father hath given unto him in 

♦Rom. i. 4. u Gal. iv.6. w Heb. ii. 11. x Gen. xlii. 7, 8. 

61 



458 JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. [sER. XIV, 

safe-keeping, and for whom he is "accountable 7 — as 
being of that peculiar people, whom, according to 
covenant-stipulation, he redeemed from all iniquity 7 - 
— as being of those to whom all needful grace was 
given, in him, before the world began* — nay, as those 
who, "of his fulness," have already received the 
life-giving Spirit, convincing them of their lost estate 
and exciting them to flee from the wrath to come. 

Secondly, His conduct towards them. For Joseph 
knowing his brethren, variously distinguished them 
even before he made himself known to them. 

1. He repeatedly favored them with a sight of his 
person and magnificence, that they might hence 
infer the greatness of his authority and the plenitude 
of his stores. b So, to regenerate, inquiring souls, 
Christ, through the medium of the Holy Scriptures 
and the instrumentality of his ministering servants, 
gives such discoveries of himself and of his fulness, 
as he does not give to the unregenerate. c Joseph's 
brethren, however, while ignorant of his relation to 
them, conceived of him only as the lord of the land, 
and expected nothing from him but for money.** 
Nor are the thoughts which regenerate sinners, un- 
der their first exercises, entertain of Christ, any 
more correct ; for, though they may be overwhelmed 
in contemplating his greatness, his authority, and 
his glory, they have no just views of his mediatorial 
character, and especially not of his covenant-rela- 
tion to them. They know him not as their Brother 
and Friend. He appears to them only as a Holy 
and a Mighty Sovereign— -as having, indeed, all 

y John vi. 39. z Titus ii. 14. Comp. Is. liii. II. and Heb. xiii. 
20. a 2 Tim. i. 9. b Gen, xlii. 6, 7. 30. 33. xliii. 26. xliv. 
14 — 20. c Actsxxii. 9. d Gen. xlii. 5. 



SER. XIV.] JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. 459 

they want at his disposal— but, as suspending the 
grant thereof upon some supposed condition to be 
performed by them. What the imaginary condition 
is, they are not agreed — one fancying it to be this 
and another that ; yet, feeling their perishing need 
of his favor, each cries, with Saul of Tarsus, Lord 
what wilt thou have me to do ? or, with the trem- 
bling Jailor, What must I do to be saved? 

2. Before Joseph made himself known to his breth- 
ren, he distinguished them, by directing his servants 
both to restore every man's money into his sack and 
to give them provision for the way. e He dealt not 
so with others who came to purchase. And the 
like difference Christ makes between mere legalists 
and true penitents ; the former, he leaves depending 
upon their legal performances*/ but the latter, he 
instructs and sustains ; for though, by his word and 
the preaching of his servants, he rejects all they 
bring as a price for salvation — nay, gives them seve- 
rally the witness thereof in the sacks of their own 
hearts; yet, by the same means and instruments, he 
also gives them some present nourishment — enough 
to keep them from starving or despairing, till he 
gives them more. He lets them know, that although 
salvation "is not of him that willeth nor of him 
that runneth," yet, that it is "of God that showeth 
mercy" — and that, although "It is not of works, 
lest any man should boast/' yet, that "it is of faith, 
that it might he by grace ; to the end the promise 
might be sure to all the seed.e Thus they are kept 
ruminating, hoping, and seeking. 

3. Joseph, while he had not yet made himself 

e Gen. xlii. 25. ** Luke x. 25—28. sRom. iv. 16. * r " 



460 JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. [sER. XIV, 

known to his brethren, caused a feast to be prepared 
for them ; the incidents of which are instructive. 

" He said to the ruler of his house," who is after- 
wards called his steward, "Bring these men" (his 
brethren) "home, and slay, and make ready: for 
these men shall dine with me at noon." Hence, let 
every steward in the house of Christ, that is, every 
gospel-minister, learn that, in his studies, he should 
always labor to make ready a meal for seeking souls. 

"The men," it is true, "were afraid because they 
were brought into Joseph's house;" and, apprehen- 
sive of some evil, said, " Because of the money 
that was returned in our sacks at the first time are 
we brought in ; that he may seek occasion against 
us, and take us for bondmen." In like manner, 
those in whom a work of grace is begun, though 
allured to come under the word, yet, finding the 
tenor of the gospel to contradict and condemn their 
former views of purchasing the divine favor, they 
are filled with apprehensions that Christ, instead of 
saving them, will regard them as mere legalists, and 
adjudge them to everlasting bondage under the law. 

Joseph's brethren, however, in their distress, 
communed with his steward ; who, it should seem, 
was made acquainted with the reasons why Joseph 
had ordered that their money should be returned and 
that they should be brought to his house ; and who, 
after hearing their ingenuous rehearsal of what had 
befallen them in regard to the money, comforted 
them, saying, Peaee be to you, fear not. What an 
advantage it is to sensible sinners, that the stewards 
of Christ, his gospel-ministers, are acquainted with 
their case ! For, when they commune with them, 
or sit under their ministry, they learn that Christ's 



SER. XIV.] JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. 461 

rejection of their legal pleas, and his granting 
to them the privilege of hearing his pure gospel, 
however they are thereby stripped and emptied, are 
signs of his favor and not of his wrath : This manre- 
ceiveth sinners, and eateth with them, Luke xvii. 2. 
When dinner time arrived, Joseph said to his 
servants, Set on bread ; that is, set dinner in order 
upon the table; bread, by a usual synecdoche, being 
put for the whole. " And they set on for him by him- 
self, and for them," his brethren, " by themselves, 
and for the Egyptians by themselves. And they," 
Joseph's brethren " sat before him," in his presence ; 
"and the men," thus honored, marvelled one at 
another, that they were so distinguished. " And he," 
Joseph, " took and sent messes unto them from be- 
fore him ; but," with reference to the ten, "Benjamin's 
mess was five times as much as any of theirs." 
All had plenty ; but the fivefold portion sent to Ben- 
jamin was a token of Joseph's special affection for 
him.* And they drank" also, no doubt of Joseph's 
best wine, "and were merry with him," that is, at 
his house. How similar the conduct of Christ, and 
the work of his ministers, under the gospel-dispensa- 
tion ! Here Christ himself, by his Spirit, carves for 
all the guests ; distributing, of his bounty, to them 

* This served to prepare Benjamin for his more than common 
share in a then approaching trial: the cup was found in Benjamin's 
sack. Gen. xliv. 12. Thus, if some of Christ's brethren, equally 
innocent with the rest, have to drink a more than ordinary portion 
of the cup of his sufferings, that is, of sufferings for his sake, they 
are prepared for it and supported under it, by a correspondent 
share in the tokens of his love : As the sufferings of Christ abound 
in us ; so our consolation also aboundeth by Christ. 2 Cor. i. 5. 



462 JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. [SER. XIV. 

severally as he will; Matt. xx. 15 and ] Cor. xii. 11 ; 
and his ministers, his faithful stewards, acting under 
his direction, give to every class of their hearers a 
portion of meat in due season. Luke xii. 42. 

Thus preaching, the servants of Christ, while they 
assign the first share to himself, that is, give to him 
the glory of being the Provider and the Subject of 
the feast, (Luke xiv. 16, 17.) and feed his church, 
which is himself mystical ; h they also publish the 
gospel to the world, 1 answering to the Egyptians, and 
are specially careful to set before sensible sinners 
a portion peculiarly appropriate to them.* They 
describe their exercises and appetites, as evidences 
of a work of grace begun in their souls — exhibit 
the salvation that is in Christ, as full and free — and 
therefore, as exactly adapted to them, now convinced 
that they can add nothing to it, nor bring any price 
for it — and, moreover, repeat and illustrate his own 
gracious invitations and promises, as addressed in a 
peculiar manner to such. With confidence and 
affection, they represent him, as saying to them, 
Look unto me and be ye saved k — Ho every one that 
thirsteth, come ye to the water w — If any man thirst, 
let him come unto me and drink m — Come unto me all 
ye that labor and are heavy laden, and I will give 
you rest — Him that cometh to me, I will in no wise 
cast out — Blessed are the poor in spirit : for theirs 
is the kingdom of heaven — Blessed arc they that 

* 1 Cor. xii. 12. i Mark. xvi. 15. 

* In so doing, gospel-ministers rightly divide the word* of truth. 
2 Tim. ii. 15. 

k Is. xlv. 22. Ubid. Iv. 1. m John vii. 37. "Matt. xi. 28. 
° John vi. 37. 



SER. XIV.] JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. 463 

mourn : for they shall be comforted — -Blessed are 
they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness : 
for they shall 'be filled. , p 

This rich and appropriate portion, true penitents, to 
whom it belongs, eat by themselves— and, like Joseph's 
brethren, marvel that they should be so highly favor- 
ed ; nay more, they also drink wine and milk without 
money a?idtcithout price, q and even begin to be mer- 
ry, they almost forget their poverty and their misery, r 
while under the proclamations of grace and peace. 

Nor did Joseph merely feast his brethren at his 
house ; he, moreover, sent them away with as much 
food in their sacks as they could carry. 8 Thus 
Christ, by the ministry of his servants, not only com- 
forts seeking souls at his house, while hearing his 
gospel, but sends them away with their hearts as full 
of gracious influence and of scriptural matter for 
meditation, as, at that stage of experience, they can 
bear. Nevertheless, like Joseph's brethren, they 
cannot account for the kind treatment they receive ; 
being still ignorant of their relation to the bountiful 
Giver. They are astonished rather than instructed ; 
and presently relapse into trouble. Clouds, instead 
of sun-beams, return after the rain. Eccl. xii. 2. 
This will more fully appear while we observe, 

4. That Joseph, before he made himself known to 
his brethren, distinguished them also by farther trials 
— trials which, it is true, were great favors ; yet, fa- 
vors wrapped in such clouds of mystery, as, at the 
time, filled them with anguish and consternation. 

Their present, indeed, for aught that appears to 
the contrary, he kindly accepted ; but their pur- 

p Matt. v. 3, 4. 6. q Is. lv. 1. r Prov. xxxi. 6, 7. g Gen. xliv. 1. 



464 JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. [SER. XIV, 

chase money, though doubled, he refused and re- 
turned : He said to his steward, " Put every man's 
money in his sack's mouth," where he could not fail 
of seeing it, as soon as his sack was opened. 4 Thus, 
although Christ condescends to accept a thank- 
offering from sensible sinners for the favors they 
have received from him, He, nevertheless, utterly re- 
jects, both their legal performances, and their evan- 
gelical exercises, (and so their double money,) while 
brought as a price for an interest in his stores of 
grace — nay, gives them, as observed before, the evi- 
dence thereof in the sacks of their own hearts, as 
these are more fully opened by his Spirit, and the 
selfish motives of them are more clearly exposed to 
their view, in the light of his word. u 

Joseph, however, brought his brethren under a 
still severer trial, the charge of having stolen his silver 
cup. For, strange as it was, he farther said to his 
steward, " Put my cup, the silver cup, in the sack's 
mouth of the youngest, and his corn-money ;" and 
which the steward accordingly did. w This stratagem, 
though seemingly fraught with injustice and cruelty, 
was both equitable and merciful . 

Joseph's cup, consisting, no doubt, of refined sil- 
ver, which is an emblem of purity,* was a fit symbol 
of his pure and excellent character ; which was of 
much higher value than a silver cup, or than any 
other earthly treasure ; for a good name is to be cho- 
sen rather than great riches, and loving favor rather 
than silver and gold, Prov. xxii. 1. Now of this, 
though not of his cup, Joseph's brethren had shame- 
fully robbed him ; not, indeed, in his father's 

*Gen. xliv. 1. u Jer. ii. 22. xvii. 10. Eph. ii. 8, 9. 1 John 
iv. 10. 19. w Gen. xliv. 2. * Psal. xii, 6. 



SER. XIV.] JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. 465 

esteem, but in the esteem of strangers, to whom they 
sold him for a slave ; thereby implying that he was 
an abandoned miscreant, fit only for the vilest servi- 
tude.* And in like manner, the Jews, the national 
brethren of Christ, treated him ; for though unable, 
in the least, to diminish him in the esteem of his 
heavenly Father, yet, to the utmost of their power, 
they degraded him in the esteem of men. They 
not only deniecf that he was the Messiah, but even 
robbed him of his moral character ; they reviled him, 
as being a man gluttonous and a wine-bibber — yea, 
as one in collusion with satan. y Nor do his mystical 
brethren, those who are his brethren by election and 
adoption, treat him any better. In their carnal state, 
they, like others, regard him as unworthy of their 
desire ;* and, after quickened by his grace, and made 
to feel their condemnation as sinners, instead of re- 
ceiving him as the end of the law for righteousness, 
which he is to every one that believeth, they go about 
to establish their own righteousness.^ Nay, such is out 
ignorance, as well as our pride, that even when con- 
vinced that our best obedience is imperfect, and that 
if it were perfect, it could not answer for past de- 
fects and transgressions, instead of casting ourselves, 
as guilty and helpless, on Him icho was delivered for 
our offences and raised again for our justification , b 
we foolishly delay, thinking to exercise such mortifi- 
cation, contrition, self-denial &c, as shall render us, 
income measure, worthy of divine acceptance, before 

* Gen. xxxvii. 28. 36. Thus individuals, families and nations 
may suffer under false accusations, for injuries done to others long 
before. See Is. xxxiii. 1. 

yMatt. xi. 19. xii. 24, z Is. liii. % a Rom. x. 3, 4. b Ibid, 
iv. 25. 

62 



466 JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. [SER. XIV. 

we trust in Christ. Thus, as long as possible, we 
rob him of the glory of being all and in all 
in our salvation. Nevertheless, being reconciled to 
God, that is, to his justice, by the death of his Son, c 
we are not left to perish through our ignorance and 
self-confidence; but, eventually are cured of both; 
and being, through grace, made to realize that we 
are without strength, we are constrained and enabled, 
vile as we are, to rely on Christ who in due time 
died for the ungodly.* 

Joseph's cup, being that out of which he drank, e 
was also a fit symbol of his sufferings. And Christ, 
speaking of his own sufferings, and seemingly by 
allusion to those of Joseph, said, The cup which my 
Father hath given me, shall I not drink it ? John 
xviii. 11. Indeed, there is, in several respects, .a 
striking resemblance between the sufferings of Jo- 
seph and those of Christ. 

Were the sufferings of Joseph procured by the ill 
conduct of his brethren ? Let it never be forgotten 
that the sufferings of Christ, were procured by the 
sins of his mystical brethren : He was wounded for 
our transgressions and bruised for our iniquities. 
Is. liii. 5. 

Was Joseph, though exposed to sufferings by the 
ill conduct of his brethren, ordained of God to be 
the instrument of saving their lives by a great de- 
liverance ? f The same is true of Christ ; for though 
he suffered as the Substitute of his guilty brethren 
and by wicked hands was crucified and slain, he was, 
nevertheless, " delivered by the determinate coun- 
sel and foreknowledge of God," and died that we 

c Rom. v. 1©. d Ibid. ver. 6. e Gen. xliv. 5. f Ibid. xlv. 7. 



SER. XIV.] JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST.. 467 

might live : He was delivered for our offences and 
raised again for our justification. Rom. iv. 25. 
As Joseph's sufferings were occasioned by his 
brethren, it was fit and requisite, that, by some means, 
he should make their ill treatment of him bitter to 
them, before he admitted them to his fraternal fel- 
lowship. This he had done in some measure, when 
he accused them of being spies, and put them 
into loardfor three days : for then, " They said one 
to another, We are verily guilty concerning our 
brother, in that we saw the anguish of his soul, when 
he besought us, and we would not hear: therefore 
is this distress come upon us. And Reuben an- 
swered them, saying, Spake not I unto you, saying, 
Do not sin against the child ; and ye would not hear ? 
Therefore behold also his blood is required." This 
conversation passed between them in the presence 
of Joseph ; but, taking him to be an Egyptian, 
" they knew not that Joseph understood them ; for 
he spake unto them by an interpreter. " g Still 
more poignantly, however, he brought that great 
wickedness to their remembrance by laying his cup, 
the symbol of his sufferings, to their charge. For 
when the stealth, to all appearance, was undeniably 
proved upon them, Judah, in the name of the whole, 
said to Joseph, by whose direction the discovery 
was made, " What shall we say unto my lord ? 
what shall we speak? or how shall we clear our- 
selves ?" To confess the charge would have been 
a violation of conscience ; and to deny it, could 
have been of no avail, seeing the cup alleged to be 
stolen, was actually found in Benjamin's sack. Ju- 

s Gen. xlii, 14—23. 



468 JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. [SER. XIV, 

dah, therefore, wisely understood and admitted, that 
the dilemma into which they were brought was a 
punishment divinely inflicted upon them for their 
past sins ; and every conscience, no doubt, felt that it 
w 7 as specially for their sin in selling Joseph;— 
" God," said he, "hath found out," that is, disclosed 
the iniquity of thy servants, &c. Gen. xliv. 16. In 
like manner Christ deals with his brethren. He 
brings, indeed, much of their guilt to their remem- 
brance, while he holds them in ward under the law, 
and speaks to them by his Interpreter, the Holy Spir- 
it : here he shows them that they are rebels against 
God, and that they cannot be justified in his sight, 
by their obedience to the law ; for hy the law is the 
knowledge, not of justification, but of sin. See 
Rom. iii. 20. and vii. 8 — 11. But, it is by charging 
them with the cup of his sufferings, that he pierces 
their hearts and makes them, in the bitterness of 
their souls, to cry, What shall we do? Acts ii. 36, 37. 
Joseph, moreover, employed his cup in making 
trial of his brethren. His steward, it is true, when 
speaking by his direction, is represented by our 
Version and several others, as saying of the cup, 
" Is not this it in which my lord drinketh ? and 
whereby indeed he divineth?" Gen. xliv. 5. But 
this cannot be the sense of the original; for, though 
it is not improbable that the Egyptians really sup- 
posed that Joseph, like the soothsayers of their 
own and other nations, practised divination, and that 
he thereby interpreted dreams and discovered and 
revealed secrets, that supposition is wholly inconsist- 
ent with his revealed character ; nor is it at all 
credible, that he designed to make such an impres 
sion on the mind of his steward, and much less, that 



SER. XIV.] JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. 469 

he was willing, through him, to make that impres- 
sion on the minds of his brethren. Wherefore, I 
understand the word rendered divineth, to be used 
in this place in a different acceptation. Its root, (wro 
nachash,) signifies not only to divine, but also to ob- 
serve, to try, to make an experiment. Thus using the 
word, Laban said to Jacob wm nichashtee, I have 
learned by experience. Gen. xxx. 27. Comp. 1 Kings 
xx. 33. Now, the word in question being so under- 
stood, the interrogatories which Joseph's steward, 
by his direction, put to the supposed strangers, im- 
ported as much as if he had said — Is not this evidently 
the cup which my Master appropriates to his own 
personal use — nay, the cup which you saw him thus 
appropriate, when lately you were so kindly and 
so bountifully entertained at his house ? And was it 
not to make trial of your honesty, of which he was 
very doubtful, that he left this valuable article within 
your convenient reach, when he withdrew from his 
tablel It was: and by the experiment, behold, he 
has proved you to be filchers ! 

This also well comports with Joseph's real design 
in the stratagem; which was to make trial of his 
elder brethren in different respects. As they had 
envied him, whom his father had distinguished, he 
thought proper to try whether, in like manner, they 
would envy his brother Benjamin, whom he had 
distinguished at his table, by sending him a fivefold 
mess. And, as envy is sure to manifest itself by a 
ready concurrence with any charge, true or false, 
brought against its object, Joseph prudently caused 
his cup to be put into Benjamin's sack, that his elder 
brethren, if so disposed, might have a fair pretence for 
delivering him up as a thief; and which the Jews 



470 JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. [SER. XIV. 

think the rest would have done, but for the opposition 
and influence of Judah. By the same means, Jo- 
seph also made trial of their filial affection ; they 
well knowing how much the life of their father was 
bound up in the lad, namely Benjamin. Gen. xliv. 30. 

Thus Christ, by the cup of his sufferings, both 
personal and relative, tries his called brethren, and 
distinguishes them from others. 

By Christ's personal sufferings, I mean those 
which he endured in his own human nature. By 
these he tries — 1. Our faith. They who have only 
an historical faith in him, though they maybe elated 
with a notion of being saved by him, feel no broken- 
ness of heart nor contrition of spirit, and, there 
fore, no sympathy with him in his sufferings; but 
his called brethren, being regenerated and made 
partakers of that faith which is a fruit of the Spirit,* 
come to him filled with self-abasement and godly 
sorrow on account of their sins ; they look upon him 
whom they have pierced and mourn. 1 — 2. How we 
are affected toward the design of his death ; which 
was not only to redeem, but thereupon, to purify 
also, those for whom he died : for he gave himself for 
us, that he might redeem us from all iniquity, and 
purify unto himself a peculiar people, zealous of 
good works* 

Now, many who talk much about redemption by 
Christ, and warmly dispute whether it is particular, 
general, or universal, are, nevertheless, strangers to 
the purifying efficacy of his precious blood, as ap- 
plied to the conscience by the Holy Spirit — nay, 
live as they list, unconcerned about holiness of 

h Gal. v. 22. * Zech. xii. 10. John xix. 37. k Titus ii. 14. 



SER. XIV.] JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. 471 

heart or life. But the called brethren of Christ, 
with the apostles, perceive and realize, that when he 
died for all, that is, for all he represented among 
all nations, (all being alike dead,) he died for all, 
that they tcho live, being regenerated and justified, 
should not henceforth live unto themselves, but un- 
to him who died for them, and rose again. See 2 
Cor. v. 14, 13. 

By the relative sufferings of Christ, I mean the 
sufferings of his mystical body, the church ; that is, 
the sufferings which his vital members endure, be- 
cause of their relation and union to him, and the 
profession of their faith in him. 1 Addressing such, 
the apostle says, Unto you it is given in the behalf 
of Christ, not only to believe on him, but also to suf- 
fer for his sake. m In the present life they are all 
imperfect ; n and when they depart from* the stan- 
dard of God's revealed will, either by omission or 
commission, though they come not under the curse ; 
Christ having redeemed them from it ;° they, ne- 
vertheless, come under the discipline of the cove- 
nant, as administered by their heavenly Father : 
Then, saith he, will 1 visit their transgressions with 
a rod, and their iniquity with stripes. p This rod, 
however severe its stripes, is applied as the effect of 
covenant-love and faithfulness : When we are judg- 
ed, we are chastened of the Lord, that we should not 
be condemned with the world, and that we might be 
partakers of his holiness." 1 Believers, however, suf- 
fer much wrongfully from the tongue of slander ; yet 
to this also, a blessing is annexed : Blessed are ye, 

1 Col. i. 24. 1 Pet. iv. 13. m Philip, i. 29. n Ecc. vii. 20. 1 John 
i. 8. o Gal. iii. 13. p Psal. lxxxix. 32. * 1 Cor. xi. 32. Heb. 
xii. 9—11. 



472 JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. [sER. XIV^ 

said Christ to his disciples, when men shall revile 
you, and persecute you, and shall say all manner of 
evil against you falsely, for my sake. Rejoice and 
be exceeding glad, for great is your reward in 
heaven ; for so persecuted they the prophets which 
were before you. r ,Nay, even when they are overtaken 
in faults, the enemies of truth and righteousness 
reproach them, not because they have sinned, but 
because they are professed disciples of Christ ; for 
the same imperfections, which in others pass unno- 
ticed, if observed in them, are magnified and made 
the occasion of scandal to the christian name : This 
fellow was also with Jesus of Nazareth.* Did not I 
see thee in the garden with him ? x How careful, then, 
should professors be to give no just occasion to the 
adversary to blaspheme, or to speak reproachfully / u 

And under these relative sufferings also (both un- 
der those which they endure from the discipline of 
the covenant, because they belong to Christ, and 
under those which they endure from the tongue of 
slander and the hand of persecution, because they 
profess his name) Christ variously tries them. — 
Hereby, 

1. He tries and brings to light their reconcilia- 
tion to the will of his and their heavenly Father, 
For while others, under afflictive providences, re- 
bel and murmur, an afflicted saint, under the rod 
of the covenant, says, with Eli, It is the Lord ; let 
him do what seemeth him good; w with David, It is 
good for me that I have been afflicted, that I might 
learn thy statutes ;* with Job, Shall we receive good 
at the hand of God, and shall we not receive evil, 

r Matt. v. 11. 12. s Ibid. xxvi. 71. t John xviii. 26. « 1 Tim. 
vi. 1. Titus ii« 1—11. w 1; Sam. iii. 18. x Psal. cxix. 71. 



SER. XIV.] JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. 473 

meaning the evil of affliction ! y nay, with him also, 
Though he slay me, yet will I trust in him 1 — and, with 
Paul, I reckon, that the sufferings of this present time 
are not worthy to be compared with the glory that 
shall he revealed in us* Such too, is the tenor of 
apostolic exhortation, addressed to believers : We 
pray you in Christ's stead, he ye reconciled to God b 
— Humble yourselves, therefore, under the mighty 
hand of God, that he may exalt you in due time. c 

2. He tries, and makes manifest, the reality of 
their attachment to himself and his gospel. Some 
receive his word under the mere influence of 
passion, and others under the prospect of worldly 
gain. The former, when their gust of passion has 
subsided, and the latter when their hope of world- 
ly gain is blasted, presently take offence at his doc- 
trine or his government, and forsake his cause 
and his kingdom/ 1 Not so his true disciples. They, 
assured that he is the divine Messiah, and having 
received his gospel in the love of it, cannot forsake 
him, nor exchange his doctrine for that of another. — 
When He, observing how hypocrites forsook him, 
said to the twelve, Will ye also go away ? Peter 
answered him, Lord, to whom shall we go? thou 
hast the words of eternal life. e 

3. He tries their love to each other, and thereby, 
their love to God. For every one that lovtih him 
that begat, loveth him also that is begotten of him.* 
That the professed disciples of Christ may be tried 
in this way, it is so ordered in Providence, that while 
some of them are rich, others are destitute and in 

y Job ii. 10. z Ibid. xiii. 15. a Rom. viii. 18. b 2 Cor. v. 20. 
c 1 Pet. v. 6. d Matt. xiii. 20. John vi. 26, 27. 66. e Ibid. ver. 
67,68. UJohnv. 1. 

63 



474 JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. [sER. XIV. 

need of their liberality : But whoso hath this world's 
good, and seeth his brother have need, and shutteth up 
his bowels of compassion from him, how dwelleth the 
love of God in him f* In other instances and to 
answer the same end, some of God's children are 
strangely and unaccountably brought under the 
apparent guilt of some immorality — perhaps, like 
Benjamin, they are charged with theft, or, like Jo- 
seph, with unchastity — and, though innocent as they, 
circumstances may be such, that, like them, they 
may be unable, for the time being, to demonstrate 
their innocence. Here the feelings of their bre- 
thren toward them, are deeply tested. Those who 
secretly disliked them before, will readily — nay glad- 
ly, admit and even abet the accusations against them, 
and so leave them to the power of their accusers. 
For, however with their lips they may seem to regret 
it, the language of their heart is, Ah, so would we 
have it. h But they who have cordially loved and 
fellowshipped them, as christians, feel and act very 
differently toward them. They call upon them — 
inquire into the circumstances of the case, and at- 
tach that respect to their declarations, which is due 
from one christian to another; and, knowing that Satan 
is the accuser, not of the profane, nor of hypocrites, 
but of the brethren 1 — that he is never at a loss for 
agents, ready and qualified to serve him in this 
work of darkness — that false accusations may be so 
contrived, in relation to times and circumstances, 
as to have a great show of plausibility — and that 
Christ, to bring to light the enmity of the devil 
against the church, and to manifest the strength of 

e 1 John hi. 17. h Psal. xxxv. 25. i Rev. xii. 10. 



SER. XIV.] JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. 475 

his own grace in supporting his falsely accused 
brethren, in some instances, suffers such accusa- 
tions to be loudly rumored and long sustained ; — 
knowing these things, I say, the cordial friends of 
those accused, Judge not according to appearance, 
but judge righteous judgments Wherefore, influ- 
enced by that charity, that christian love, which 
envieth not, and which thinketh no evil, 1 they cannot 
abandon their accused brethren to public odium, 
but upon unequivocal and undeniable evidence of 
their guilt ; and even then, so far are they from ex- 
ulting in the facts thus proved, (as the ungodly dp,) 
that they deeply deplore them, and the case of those 
found guilty of them. Their hearts bleed with the 
bleeding cause of their dear Redeemer. They re- 
gard the sad affair, as a common wound to the 
household of faith — as a humiliating stroke to the 
whole church — and, in bitterness of soul, say to 
Jesus, as Judah said to Joseph, God hath found out, 
that is, exposed the iniquity of thy servants — the 
iniquity that had been committed among them. By 
such falls among professors, God affects the hearts 
of survivors with an alarming sense of their own in- 
dwelling depravity, and imb.tters to them the remem- 
brance of their own past transg essions — yea, exem- 
plifies before them what they are all still liable to, 
unless his grace preserve them. Thus he that 
thinketh he standeth, is admonished to take heed lest 
he fall. m 

Having considered Joseph's knowledge of hia 
brethren and his conduct toward them while they 
knew not him, let us procede to consider, 

k Johnvii.24. l 1 Cor. xiii. 4, 5. m Ibid. x. 12. 



476 JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. [SER. XIV. 

Thirdly, His making himself known unto them. 
To this he was moved by the admirable speech of 
Judah ;* which, for artless simplicity, pertinent rea- 
soning, and humble importunity, we may safely say 
has never been exceeded. It is so explicit and so 
beautiful, that any human attempt to explain or to 
embellish it, must necessarily tend to obscure and 
deface it. You are, therefore, left to read it, with- 
out comment, as it is found in Gen. xliv. 18 — 34. 

The narrative of its influence upon Joseph, be- 
gins with Chapter xlv. 

Then (ver. 1.) Joseph could not refrain himself 
before all them that stood by him ; and he cried, 
probably to his steward, cause every man to go out 
from me, meaning every man, except the reputed 
strangers, then under examination : and there stood 
no man with him, while Joseph made himself known 
unto his brethren. And (ver. 2) he wept aloud ; and 
the Egyptians and the house of Pharaoh heard ; the 
Egyptians, though withdrawn to adjoining apart- 
ments, heard him weep, and, through them, the re- 
port thereof soon reached the house of Pharaoh, 
not far from which, it is presumable, stood the house 
of Joseph, his Prime-Minister. 

By this precautionary measure, Joseph wisely and 
kindly prevented any needless exposure of his bre- 
thren's faults ; which, on that interesting occasion, 
he must necessarily mention, and they confess.—- 
Nor does it appear from the sacred history, that 
their cruel treatment of him, or any of their former 
crimes, were ever made known in Egypt. Thus, 
our divine Joseph, the Lord Jesus Christ, does not 

* Who had become surety For Benjamin. Gen. xliri. 9. xliv. 32. 



SER. XIV.] JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. 477 

require that his redeemed, when called and brought 
under conviction by his word and spirit, should pub- 
lish their particular sins before men. It is enough 
that they realize the evil of them in their own souls 
-^-confess them before God — abhor and forsake 
them — and that they rely, for the pardon of them, 
on the blood of the everlasting covenant, which 
alone can satisfy divine justice for sin. And as Jo- 
seph, for the honor of his family, provided for keep- 
ing the knowledge of their faults between himself 
and them, that his brethren might not be exposed to 
contempt in Egypt ; so Christ, for the honor of his 
name and kingdom, has provided that his brethren, 
when overtaken in faults, if penitent and reformed, 
should not be exposed to reproach in the w T orld : If 
thy brother, says he, trespass against thee, go and 
tell him his fault between thee and him alone : if he 
shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. But 
if he will not hear thee, then take with thee one or 
two more, that in the mouth of two or three witness- 
es every word may be established. And if he shall 
neglect to hear them, tell it to the church — not to 
the world ; but if he neglect to hear the church, let 
him be unto thee as a heathen man and a publican? 
Many godly men, indeed, have been of the opinion, 
that Christ will not make known the sins of his 
redeemed, even at the last judgment. But if he 
does, it will only be to magnify the riches of his Fa- 
ther's grace toward them, and the value of his own 
sacrifice for them, when he shall come to be glorified 
in his saints, and to be admired in all them that be- 
lieve. Nay, when arrived in heaven, the saved, in- 

n Matt, xviii. 15—17. ° 2 Thess. i. 10. 



478 JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. [SER. XIV. 

stead of particularizing the kinds and degrees of 
their guilt, will harmoniously join in the everlasting 
song, Unto him that hath loved us and washed us 
from our sins in his own blood, &c. p Christ, more- 
over, like Joseph, reveals himself to his brethren 
alone ; for, both at their calling and during their 
pilgrimage, He manifests himself to them, as he 
does not unto the world. See John xiv. 22. 

The progress, too, which Joseph observed in mak- 
ing himself known to his brethren, is worthy of no- 
tice and full of instruction. 

1. He merely announced himself to them by his 
proper name, saying, I am Joseph — to which, how- 
ever, at once to show his filial affection, and to Con- 
vince them that he knew who they were and whence 
they came, he annexed the inquiry, Doth my father 
yet live ? We need not marvel at what followed. — 
And his brethren could not answer him : for, as 
might be expected, they were troubled, yea, terrified, 
as the word signifies, at his presence.* For now, 
recognizing in the lord of Egypt their long discard- 
ed brother, whom, to his own and his father's unut- 
terable grief, they had sold to strangers, they were 
so stung with remorse — confused with shame — and 
filled with the dread of just retaliation, that, for a 
while, they could make no reply. How similar is the 
condition of poor sinners, when first they hear the 
voice of the Son of God, so as to live, and begin to see 
his majesty and his glory, in the light of the gospel ! 
He, indeed, says to them, I am Jesus, that is, the 
Saviour ; but they, recollecting their long neglect 
and contempt of him, and their base requital of his 

p Re?, I 5, 6. <i Gen, xlv. 3. 



SER. XIV.] JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. 479 

Father's kindness, in sending him into the world, 
can scarcely even hope that he will save them. — 
Hence, laden with guilt, and filled with shame and 
grief, they know not what to say or do. 

2, Joseph, perceiving his brethren to be thus con- 
founded and dismayed, and, perhaps, receding from 
him, kindly said to them, Come near to me, I pray you' 
What an encouraging invitation ! Yet, much more 
so is that of Christ, in which he says to sensible 
sinners, Come unto me all ye that labor and are 
heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Did the 
brethren of Joseph draw near to him, at his call ?> 
How much more, at the call of Jesus, should heavy 
laden sinners be prevailed on to go to him ! 

3. Joseph's brethren having approached him, he 
explicitly declared his relation to them, saying, I am 
Joseph your brother ;' and though he added, 
whom ye sold into Egypt, it was not to reproach 
them, but, at once to identify and to endear him- 
self to them. Thus when sensible sinners, encou- 
raged by the gospel invitation, are enabled to come 
to Christ by faith, He graciously reveals himself in 
his covenant- relation to them. He, in effect, says, 
I am Jesus your brother ; and though he now 
again causes them to look upon him whom they 
have pierced and mourn, the affecting sight only 
serves to confirm their faith and to increase their 
love. Nay, the very imputation of his death proves 
that it was for them, and tends to enhance his va- 
lue to them : Unto you, therefore, that believe he is 

precious, 1 Pet. ii. 7. 

4. Joseph, to alleviate his brethren, under the self- 
reproach which they still felt at the remembrance of 

r Gen. x lv. 4. » Ibid. 



480 JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. [SER. XIV. 

how they had treated him, instructively adverted to 
the concern which God had in the matter. Address- 
ing them, he said, Be not grieved nor angry with 
yourselves, that ye sold me hither : for God did send 
me before you to preserve life. So now it was not 
you that sent me hither, but God ; and Me, strange 
as it is, hath made me .... ruler throughout all the 
land of Egypt. 1 So Christ, to instruct the minds 
and to assuage the sorrows of his penitent diciples, 
lets them know that he was delivered by the determi- 
nate counsel and fore-knowledge of God — that he 
suffered for them by covenant-stipulation (which 
Joseph did not for his brethren) — that the things 
which he suffered, being those predicted and typi- 
fied of the true Messiah, proved him to be the person 
— and, that such was the tenor of the covenant, that 
his mediatorial sufferings were all prerequisite to 
his mediatorial exaltation : Ought not the Christ 
(rov xp»^ ov ) to have suffered these things, and to enter 
into his glory ? u — that glory which, by covenant-grant, 
he had with the Father before the world was. w Jo- 
seph's brethren had, indeed, been ill-affected toward 
him : As for you, said he to them, ye thought evil 
against me ; but God meant it unto good, to bring 
to pass, as it is this day, to save much people alive. x 
And so, though Jews and Gentiles were exceeding- 
ly ill-affected toward Christ, and took and crucified 
him with wicked hands, yet God meant it unto the 
highest conceivable good, namely, to save from eter- 
nal death, a multitude which no man can number, 
of all nations, and kindreds, and people, and 
tongues. Rev. vii. 9. 

* Gen. xlv. 8. u Luke xxiv. 26. w John xvii. 5. * Gen. 1. 20. 



SER. XIV. ] JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. 481 

5. The coming of Joseph's brethren to him in 
Egypt, excited much interest at court : The fame 
thereof was heard in Pharaoh'' s house, messengers 
and courtiers, saying, Joseph's brethren are come J — 
Let this remind us of the exultation in Zion, the 
earthly palace Qf God, when lost sinners, found and 
called by grace, come to Christ and to his church. 
Then ministers and other christians joyfully con- 
gratulate each other, saying, The ransomed of the 
Lord are come. Thus, at the return of the prodigal 
to his father's house, they (the members of the 
household) began to be merry ; z and when many in 
Samaria believed, There was great joy in that city? 
Nay, the tidings, borne with angelic flight, reach the 
courts of Heaven, and gladden all the inhabitants 
there : There is joy in the presence of the angels of 
God over one sinner that repenteth. Luke xv. 10. 

6. Joseph, having made himself known to his bre- 
thren, and having thus instructively addressed them, 
sealed his love to each with a kiss b — made them 
all acceptable at court, (Pharaoh himself and all his 
servants being well pleased, ) — and, hiding all their 
faults from the king, procured his royal concurrence 
on their behalf. d How similar is the manner in 
which our divine Joseph, the Lord Jesus, treats his 
redeemed ! On making himself known to them, 
he not only kindly instructs them, but also sweetly 
discovers his love to them ; and having, by his atone- 
ment, covered all their sins from the eye of aveng- 
ing justice, he brings them into open acceptance 
with the King eternal, immortal and invisible; who, 

y Gen. xlv. 16. z Luke xv. 24. a Acts viii. 8, h Gen. xlv. 15. 
c Ibid. ver. 16, f lb. ver. 17—34. 

64 



482 JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. [SER. XIV* 

thereupon, shows them his covenant*— lets them know 
their interest in his great and precious promises, by 
which they are assured of all needful good, for time 
and eternity f — and favors them with his gracious 
presence, and the tokens of his loving-kindness : If 
any man love me, saith Christ, he willjteep my words ; 
and my Father will love him, and we will come un- 
to him and make our abode with him. John xiv. 
23. Truly, brethren, our fellowship is with the 
Father, and with his Son Jesus Christ. 1 John i. 3. 

REFLECTIONS. 

1. Were all the family of Joseph gathered to him 
in Egypt 1 So all the family of Christ shall be gather- 
ed to him in this world. "It is written in the pro- 
phets,' 7 saith he, And they shall be all taught of God ; 
that is, to know their lost condition and the only 
way of salvation. Every man therefore, adds he, 
that hath heard, and hath learned of the Father, 
cometh unto me. John vi. 45. 

2. By the favor and influence of Joseph, his fami- 
ly, though in Egypt, were distinguished there. — 
They dwelt in the land of Coshen, and near to Jo- 
sephs Now Goshen, as it abounded with water and 
pasture, was the best of the land ; h and therefore a 
fit emblem of a state of grace, in which believers 
have access to the rills and fountains of living water, 
and feed in the green pastures of divine promises 
and ordinances. But the best of all is their privilege 
of being near to Jesus, their Spiritual Joseph: for 
they are a people near unto him. 1 The lines, of a 
truth, are fallen unto us in pleasant places ; yea, we 
have a goodly heritage. Psal. xvi. 6. 

e Psal. xxv. 14. f 2 Pet. i. 4. 2. Cor. i. 20. Rom. viii. 32. 
e Gen. xlv. 10. h Ibid, xlvii. 6. i Psal. cxlviii. 14. 



SER. XIV.] JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. 483 

3. the family of Joseph, though they dwelt in 
Egypt, were not Egyptians, but strangers there. 
So the saints, though in the world, are not of the 
world, but strangers and pilgrims here. Heb. xh 
13. Hence, 

4. As Joseph, before his death, assured his bre- 
thren (meaning all Israel) that God would certainly 
visit them, and bring them out of that land into the 
land of promise, k so Christ, before his crucifixion* 
let his disciples know, that God had provided for 
them a better home than this world, and a richer in- 
heritance than the earthly Canaan : Fear not, said 
he, little flock, for it is your Father* s good pleasure 
to give you the kingdom. Luke xii. 32. 

5. Joseph, in the most solemn manner, charged his 
brethren to carry up his bones with them. 1 These 
were to accompany them, through all their journey 
toward the holy land. And so the everlasting gos- 
pel, the doctrine of Him who is raised from the 
dead, will accompany the church in all her genera- 
tions, and during every stage of her heaven-ward 
journey : My words which I have put in thy 
mouth shall not depart out of thy mouth, nor out of 
the mouth of thy seed, nor out of the mouth of 
thy seeoVs seed, saith the Lord, from henceforth and 

for ever. Is. lix. 21. And, as the Israelites, with 
the bones of Joseph, entered Canaan, the saints, 
with the risen Jesus, shall enter the " better coun- 
try." For the Lord himself shall descend from 
Heaven with a shout, with the voice of the Arch- 
angel, and with the trump of God: and the dead 
in Christ shall rise first, that is, before the living 

k Gen. 1. 24. l Ibid. ver. 25. 



484 JOSEPH A TYPE OF CHRIST. [SER. XIV. 

saints shall be changed : Then we tchich are alive 
and remain, (being suddenly changed,) shall be 
caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet 
the Lord in the air : and so, (having entered hea- 
ven with him,) shall we ever be with the Lord™ — 
^Lmen. Even so, come, Lord Jesus. 

» 1 Thess. iv. 16, 17- Comp. ICor. xv. 51—57 



*r 



FOR PUBLISHING BY SUBSCRIPTION 

A SERIES OF SERMONS 

ON THE 
XXXIII. CHAP. OF DEUTESONOMY : 

IN WHICH ARE CONSIDERED, BOTH LITERALLY AND TYPICALLY, 

The Ministry of Moses— The Law delivered through him to the Israelites — The 
several blessings which, by the Holy Spirit, as a spirit of Prayer and of Prophecy, 
he pronounced upon the Tribes of Jacob respectively — The relation which subsisted 
between God and national Israel — The Covenant in which that relation was 
founded — The expulsion of the Canaanites from their native land, and the settle- 
ment of the Israelites in their room — and, in conclusion, the Prophet's admiration 
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BY WILLIAM PARKINSON, A.M. 

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Hon. Samuel L. Mitchell, M. D. L. L. D., &c. &c. 



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